11.11.0.0
r1 r2는 nbma
r2 r3 는 point-to-multi
r3 r4는 자동으로
단축키
ali exec c conf t
ali exec r show run
ali exec b show ip int brief
ali exec i show ip route
ena
confi ter
int s1/0
no shut
encap frame
no frame inver
ip address 넣기
R1]
int s1/0
ip add 11.11.12.1 255.255.255.0
frame map ip 11.11.12.2 102 br
int loo0
ip add 11.11.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2]
int s1/0.12 m
ip add 11.11.12.2 255.255.255.0
fram map ip 11.11.12.1 201 br
int s1/0.23 m
ip add 11.11.23.2 255.255.255.0
fram map ip 11.11.23.3 203 br
int loo0
ip add 11.11.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3]
int s1/0.23 m
ip add 11.11.23.3 255.255.255.0
frame map ip 11.11.23.2 302 br
int s1/0.34 p
ip add 11.11.34.3 255.255.255.0
fram inter 304
int loo0
ip add 11.11.3.3 255.255.255.0
R4]
int s1/0.34 p
ip add 11.11.34.4 255.255.255.0
fram inter 403
int loo0
ip add 11.11.4.4 255.255.255.0
OSPF 설정
R1]
router ospf 11
router-id 11.11.1.1
network 11.11.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 12
network 11.11.12.1 0.0.0.0 area 12
int s1/0
int loo0
ip ospf network point-to-p
>>do show ip ospf int s1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 11.11.12.1/24, Area 12
Process ID 11, Router ID 11.11.1.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
R2]
router ospf 11
network 11.11.23.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 11.11.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 12
network 11.11.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 12
int loo0
ip ospf network point-to-p
R3]
router ospf 11
router-id 11.11.3.3
net 11.11.23.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
net 11.11.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 34
net 11.11.34.3 0.0.0.0 area 34
int loo0
ip ospf network point-to-p
R4]
router ospf 11
router-id 11.11.4.4
net 11.11.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 34
net 11.11.34.4 0.0.0.0 area 34
int loo0
ip ospf net point-to-p
OSPF 이웃 수동/자동 맺기
router ospf 11
neighbor 11.11.12.2 //수동으로 neighbor맺기- DR선출함.
router ospf 11
neigh 11.11.12.1
int s1/0.23
ip ospf network point-to-multi //neighbor 자동으로 맺기- DR선출 안함
int s1/0.23
ip ospf network point-to-mu
neighbor 확인 및 핑날리기
R1#sho ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
11.11.2.2 1 FULL/DR 00:01:45 11.11.12.2 Serial1/0
R2#sho ip os nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
11.11.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:37 11.11.23.3 Serial1/0.23
11.11.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:01:42 11.11.12.1 Serial1/0.12
R3#show ip ospf nei
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
11.11.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:01:51 11.11.23.2 Serial1/0.23
11.11.4.4 0 FULL/ - 00:00:37 11.11.34.4 Serial1/0.34
R4#show ip ospf neig
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
11.11.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:36 11.11.34.3 Serial1/0.34
R1#ping 11.11.4.4 source loo0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 11.11.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 11.11.1.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 80/125/260 ms
##OSPF neighbor 맺는 과정
1. disble
말 그대로 OSPF가 설정되지 않은 단자를 뜻하며 물론 Hello도 주고 받지 않는다
2. attempt
NBMA 네트워크에서만 적용되는 상태이다. OSPF 프로세스에서 neighbor 명령어를 사용하여 지정한 네이버에게서 Hello 패킷을 수신하지 못한 상태를 뜻한다. 또한 해당 neighbor와의 연결이 끊긴 경우에도 attemp 상태가 된다.
3. init
OSPF neighbor에게서 Hello를 받았으나 상대 라우터는 아직 나의 Hello를 받지 못한 상태, 다시 말해서 상대에게서 받을 Hello패킷 안에 나의 라우터 ID가 없을 경우를 뜻한다.
- 나는 너를 아는데 너는 나를 왜 몰라?
4. two-way
OSPF neighbor와 쌍방향 통신이 이루어진 상태이다. 서로의 받은 Hello 안에 자기의 라우터 ID가 존재한다.
Broadcast 와 Non-Broadcast 네트워크라면 이 단계에서 DR과 BDR을 선출한다.
선출에 걸리는 시간은 Hello의 4배이다.
DRother 라우터끼리는 라우팅 정보를 교환하지 않으므로, 즉 adjacency(인접)를 맺지 않으므로 neighbor상태가 two-way 상태로 남아있게 된다.
two-way 상태에서 바로 DR/BDR을 선출하지 않고 모든 neighbor에게 공정하게 DR/BDR로 선출되는 기회를 부여하기 위하여 Wait-time 시간만큼 기다린다. wait-time은 dead주기와 동일하다.
5. exstart
adjacency neighbor가 되는 첫 단계이다. master와 slave-router 를 선출한다.
라우터 ID가 높은 라우터가 master로 선정된다.
또, DDP(Database Description Packet:요약정) 패킷 교환시 사용하는 DDP 패킷의 순서번호를 결정한다.
6. exchange
각 라우터 잔신의 링크상태 데이터베이스에 저장된 LSA의 헤더만을 DDP 또는 DBD(Database Description)라고 부르는 패킷에 담아 상대방에게 전송한다. DDP 패킷을 수신한 라우터는 자신의 링크상태 데이터베이스의 내용과 비교해 보고, 자신에게 없거나 자신의 정보가 더 오래된 것이면 상대방에게 상세한 정보를 요청하기 위하여 링크상태요청리스트(link state request list)에 기록해 둔다. 상대방으로부터 DDP 수신이 끝난 후, 링크상태 요청리스트에 기록해 둔 것이 없으면 바로 풀 상태로 된다.
7. loading
상대로부터 DDP 수신이 끝난 후, 링크상태요청리스트에 기록해 둔 것이 있으면, 링크상태요청패킷(LSR)을 보내서 특정 LSA의 상세 정보를 보내줄 것을 요청한다. 이 요청을 받은 라우터는 특정 LSA 전체 정보를 LSU에 담아 전송한다.
8. full
어드제이션트 라우터들간에 라우팅정보 교환이 끝난 상태이다.
확인해보자
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf net bro
R2(config)#int s1/0.12
R2(config-subif)#ip ospf net br
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#shut
R1(config-if)#end
R1#deb ip ospf adj
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#do show clock
*01:09:43.827 UTC Fri Mar 1 2002
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:09:56.259: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0, state 2WAY
R1(config-if)#do show clock
*01:13:55.159 UTC Fri Mar 1 2002
R1(config-if)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:04.599: OSPF: Interface Serial1/0 going Up
*Mar 1 01:14:04.599: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 12 on Serial1/0 from 11.11.12.1
*Mar 1 01:14:05.099: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 12, router ID 11.11.1.1, seq 0x8000000C, process 11
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:06.575: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:07.027: OSPF: Rcv hello from 11.11.2.2 area 12 from Serial1/0 11.11.12.2
*Mar 1 01:14:07.031: OSPF: 2 Way Communication to 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0, state 2WAY
*Mar 1 01:14:07.031: OSPF: Send immediate hello to nbr 11.11.2.2, src address 11.11.12.2, on Serial1/0
*Mar 1 01:14:07.031: OSPF: Send hello to 11.11.12.2 area 12 on Serial1/0 from 11.11.12.1
*Mar 1 01:14:07.031: OSPF: End of hello processing
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:07.575: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:13.603: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 12 on Serial1/0 from 11.11.12.1
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:16.127: OSPF: Rcv hello from 11.11.2.2 area 12 from Serial1/0 11.11.12.2
*Mar 1 01:14:16.127: OSPF: End of hello processing
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:23.299: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 12 on Serial1/0 from 11.11.12.1
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:25.491: OSPF: Rcv hello from 11.11.2.2 area 12 from Serial1/0 11.11.12.2
*Mar 1 01:14:25.491: OSPF: End of hello processing
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:32.667: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 12 on Serial1/0 from 11.11.12.1
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:34.915: OSPF: Rcv hello from 11.11.2.2 area 12 from Serial1/0 11.11.12.2
*Mar 1 01:14:34.915: OSPF: End of hello processing
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:42.459: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 12 on Serial1/0 from 11.11.12.1
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:44.599: OSPF: end of Wait on interface Serial1/0
*Mar 1 01:14:44.599: OSPF: DR/BDR election on Serial1/0
*Mar 1 01:14:44.599: OSPF: Elect BDR 11.11.1.1
*Mar 1 01:14:44.599: OSPF: Elect DR 11.11.2.2
*Mar 1 01:14:44.599: OSPF: Elect BDR 11.11.1.1
*Mar 1 01:14:44.603: OSPF: Elect DR 11.11.2.2
*Mar 1 01:14:44.603: DR: 11.11.2.2 (Id) BDR: 11.11.1.1 (Id)
*Mar 1 01:14:44.603: OSPF: Send DBD to 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 seq 0x13DB opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32
*Mar 1 01:14:44.663: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 seq 0x24CA opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXSTART --exstart에서 dbd순서번호를 교환함.
*Mar 1 01:14:44.663: OSPF: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the SLAVE
*Mar 1 01:14:44.667: OSPF: Send DBD to 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 seq 0x24CA opt 0x52 flag 0x2 len 192
*Mar 1 01:14:44.691: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 seq 0x24CB opt 0x52 flag 0x3 len 192 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE --자기가 요청한 데이터랑 비교(자기한테 없는 데이터있으면 loading으로 감)
*Mar 1 01:14:44.695: OSPF: Send DBD to 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 seq 0x24CB opt 0x52 flag 0x0 len 32
*Mar 1 01:14:44.727: OSPF: Rcv DBD from 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 seq 0x24CC opt 0x52 flag 0x1 len 32 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
*Mar 1 01:14:44.727: OSPF: Exchange Done with 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0
*Mar 1 01:14:44.727: OSPF: Synchronized with 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0, state FULL
*Mar 1 01:14:44.727: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 11, Nbr 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
*Mar 1 01:14:44.731: OSPF: Send DBD to 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 seq 0x24CC opt 0x52 flag 0x0 len 32
*Mar 1 01:14:44.731: OSPF: Rcv LS REQ from 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 length 36 LSA count 1
*Mar 1 01:14:44.731: OSPF: Send UPD to 11.11.12.2 on Serial1/0 length 52 LSA count 1
*Mar 1 01:14:44.783: OSPF: Rcv hello from 11.11.2.2 area 12 from Serial1/0 11.11.12.2
*Mar 1 01:14:44.787: OSPF: End of hello processing
*Mar 1 01:14:44.787: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 length 76 LSA count 1
*Mar 1 01:14:45.111: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 12, router ID 11.11.1.1, seq 0x8000000D, process 11
*Mar 1 01:14:45.223: OSPF: Rcv LS UPD from 11.11.2.2 on Serial1/0 length 76 LSA count 1
R1(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:51.771: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 12 on Serial1/0 from 11.11.12.1
R1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 01:14:54.607: OSPF: Rcv hello from 11.11.2.2 area 12 from Serial1/0 11.11.12.2
*Mar 1 01:14:54.611: OSPF: End of hello processing
R1(config-if)#end
LSA Type 1 (router)
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf net non-broad
R1(config)#router ospf 11
R1(config-router)#neighbor 11.11.12.2
R2(config)#int s1/0.12
R2(config-subif)#ip ospf net non-broad
R2(config)#router ospf 11
R2(config-router)#neighbor 11.11.12.1
R1#show ip ospf database router
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.1.1) (Process ID 11)
Router Link States (Area 12)
LS age: 10
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 11.11.1.1
Advertising Router: 11.11.1.1
LS Seq Number: 80000010
Checksum: 0x6ED6
Length: 48
Number of Links: 2
Link connected to: a Transit Network
(Link ID) Designated Router address: 11.11.12.2
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 11.11.12.1
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 11.11.1.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 17
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 11.11.2.2
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 8000000A
Checksum: 0x7EC5
Length: 48
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 2
Link connected to: a Transit Network
(Link ID) Designated Router address: 11.11.12.2
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 11.11.12.2
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 11.11.2.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
R3#show ip ospf database router
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.3.3) (Process ID 11)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 1703
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 11.11.2.2
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000007
Checksum: 0x86A8
Length: 48
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 2
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 11.11.3.3
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 11.11.23.2
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 11.11.23.2
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 0
LS age: 1924
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 11.11.3.3
Advertising Router: 11.11.3.3
LS Seq Number: 80000005
Checksum: 0x79B3
Length: 48
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 2
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 11.11.2.2
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 11.11.23.3
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 11.11.23.3
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 0
Router Link States (Area 34)
LS age: 196
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 11.11.3.3
Advertising Router: 11.11.3.3
LS Seq Number: 80000007
Checksum: 0x3178
Length: 60
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 3
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 11.11.4.4
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 11.11.34.3
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 11.11.34.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 11.11.3.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
LS age: 1962
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 11.11.4.4
Advertising Router: 11.11.4.4
LS Seq Number: 80000008
Checksum: 0x267F
Length: 60
Number of Links: 3
Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 11.11.3.3
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 11.11.34.4
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 11.11.34.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 64
Link connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 11.11.4.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1
LSA Type 2 (network)
R1#sho ip ospf database network
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.1.1) (Process ID 11)
Net Link States (Area 12)
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 195
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Network Links
Link State ID: 11.11.12.2 (address of Designated Router)
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000007
Checksum: 0xF5CD
Length: 32
Network Mask: /24
Attached Router: 11.11.2.2
Attached Router: 11.11.1.1
R2#sho ip ospf database network
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.2.2) (Process ID 11)
Net Link States (Area 12)
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 170
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Network Links
Link State ID: 11.11.12.2 (address of Designated Router)
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000007
Checksum: 0xF5CD
Length: 32
Network Mask: /24
Attached Router: 11.11.2.2
Attached Router: 11.11.1.1
R3#sho ip ospf database network --R2와 R3사이에 DR이 없으니까 아무것도 없다. /R4도 마찬가지
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.3.3) (Process ID 11)
LSA Type 3 (summary)
R2# sho ip route
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
O 11.11.1.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.12.1, 00:04:59, Serial1/0.12
C 11.11.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O IA 11.11.3.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.23.3, 01:50:19, Serial1/0.23
O IA 11.11.4.0/24 [110/129] via 11.11.23.3, 01:50:19, Serial1/0.23
C 11.11.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.12
O 11.11.23.3/32 [110/64] via 11.11.23.3, 01:50:19, Serial1/0.23
C 11.11.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.23
O IA 11.11.34.0/24 [110/128] via 11.11.23.3, 01:50:20, Serial1/0.23
상대방Area에서 건너온게 IA다
R1#show ip route
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
C 11.11.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 11.11.2.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.12.2, 00:05:56, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.3.0/24 [110/129] via 11.11.12.2, 00:05:56, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.4.0/24 [110/193] via 11.11.12.2, 00:05:56, Serial1/0
C 11.11.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.23.3/32 [110/128] via 11.11.12.2, 00:05:56, Serial1/0 -- p-to-multi에서만 나타나는 기이한 현상.(없애지도 않는다)
O IA 11.11.23.2/32 [110/64] via 11.11.12.2, 00:05:56, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.34.0/24 [110/192] via 11.11.12.2, 00:05:57, Serial1/0
R1#sho ip ospf database summary --> IA만 보여준다.
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.1.1) (Process ID 11)
Summary Net Link States (Area 12)
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 667
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 11.11.3.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000004
Checksum: 0x5C0
Length: 28
Network Mask: /24
TOS: 0 Metric: 65
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 667
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 11.11.4.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000004
Checksum: 0x7C08
Length: 28
Network Mask: /24
TOS: 0 Metric: 129
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 668
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 11.11.23.2 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000004
Checksum: 0x8769
Length: 28
Network Mask: /32
TOS: 0 Metric: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 669
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 11.11.23.3 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000004
Checksum: 0xFFAF
Length: 28
Network Mask: /32 --> point-to-multi라 어쩔수없다. 고칠수도없는 기이한 현상
TOS: 0 Metric: 64
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 670
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 11.11.34.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000004
Checksum: 0x2740
Length: 28
Network Mask: /24
TOS: 0 Metric: 128
LSA Type 4 (ASBR-summary)
int loo5
ip add 5.5.0.1 255.255.255.0
ip add 5.5.1.1 255.255.255.0 sec
ip add 5.5.2.1 255.255.255.0 sec
ip add 5.5.3.1 255.255.255.0 sec
router ospf 11
redistribute connected subnets
R1# show ip route
5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O E2 5.5.0.0 [110/20] via 11.11.12.2, 00:00:25, Serial1/0
O E2 5.5.1.0 [110/20] via 11.11.12.2, 00:00:25, Serial1/0
O E2 5.5.2.0 [110/20] via 11.11.12.2, 00:00:25, Serial1/0
O E2 5.5.3.0 [110/20] via 11.11.12.2, 00:00:25, Serial1/0
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
C 11.11.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 11.11.2.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.12.2, 00:14:09, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.3.0/24 [110/129] via 11.11.12.2, 00:14:10, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.4.0/24 [110/193] via 11.11.12.2, 00:14:10, Serial1/0
C 11.11.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.23.3/32 [110/128] via 11.11.12.2, 00:14:10, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.23.2/32 [110/64] via 11.11.12.2, 00:14:10, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.34.0/24 [110/192] via 11.11.12.2, 00:14:11, Serial1/0
R2는 E2와 IA 중간에 있다. = ASBR(Automous System Boundary Router)
R1#show ip ospf database external
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.1.1) (Process ID 11)
Type-5 AS External Link States
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 142
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 5.5.0.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x94E7
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 142
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 5.5.1.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x89F1
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 144
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 5.5.2.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x7EFB
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 144
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 5.5.3.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x7306
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 0
R4#sh ip ospf database asbr-summary
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.4.4) (Process ID 11)
Summary ASB Link States (Area 34)
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 227
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(AS Boundary Router)
Link State ID: 11.11.2.2 (AS Boundary Router address)
Advertising Router: 11.11.3.3
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0xDCE8
Length: 28
Network Mask: /0
TOS: 0 Metric: 64
LSA Type 5 (External)
R1#sh ip ospf database external ==>O E2 만 보인다.
OSPF Router with ID (11.11.1.1) (Process ID 11)
Type-5 AS External Link States
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 449
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 5.5.0.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x94E7
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 449
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 5.5.1.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x89F1
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 450
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 5.5.2.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x7EFB
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 0
Routing Bit Set on this LSA
LS age: 452
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 5.5.3.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 11.11.2.2
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Checksum: 0x7306
Length: 36
Network Mask: /24
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
TOS: 0
Metric: 20
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 0
R1(config)#router ospf 11
R1(config-router)#area 12 stub
R1(config-router)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast (m-to-p하면 neighbor맺는데 2분이나 걸리니까 broadcast로 바꿔준것)
R2(config)#router ospf 11
R2(config-router)#area 12 stub
R2(config-router)#int s1/0.12
R2(config-subif)#ip ospf network broadcast
R1(config-if)#do show ip route ---O E2가 싹 사라짐 ==> Normal Stub (type 5가 차단됨)
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
C 11.11.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 11.11.2.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.12.2, 00:01:17, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.3.0/24 [110/129] via 11.11.12.2, 00:01:17, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.4.0/24 [110/193] via 11.11.12.2, 00:01:17, Serial1/0
C 11.11.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.23.3/32 [110/128] via 11.11.12.2, 00:01:17, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.23.2/32 [110/64] via 11.11.12.2, 00:01:19, Serial1/0
O IA 11.11.34.0/24 [110/192] via 11.11.12.2, 00:01:19, Serial1/0
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 11.11.12.2, 00:01:19, Serial1/0
R1(config)#router ospf 11
R1(config-router)#area 12 stub
R2(config)#router ospf 11
R2(config-router)#area 12 stub no-summary ==>type 3,5 가 차단된다.(를 안보내겠다)
R1(config)#do show ip route
11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 11.11.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 11.11.2.0 [110/65] via 11.11.12.2, 00:03:09, Serial1/0
C 11.11.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 11.11.12.2, 00:00:38, Serial1/0 ==> perfact Stub!!! --이래서 OSPF를 쓰는것이다.
LSA Type 7 (NSSA-External)
redi connecte 하면 다 넘어간다
원칙적으로 딱 특정 아이피들만 넘어가게하려면 route-map을 짜야한다.
R4(config-if)#ip add 9.9.0.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#ip add 9.9.1.1 255.255.255.0 sec
R4(config-if)#ip add 9.9.2.1 255.255.255.0 sec
R4(config-if)#ip add 9.9.3.1 255.255.255.0 sec
R4(config)#route-map LO9
R4(config-route-map)#match interface loopback 9
R4(config-route-map)#router ospf 11
R4(config-router)#redistribute connect route-map LO9 subnets
규정상 Stub은 ASBR이 될 수 없다. (R4에 loo9가 달렸기 때문에 끝단말이 아니다)
Stub뒤에 loo9가 있지만 ASBR될수없고 하지만 stub도 아니다. = Not So Stubby Area (웃기는 Area이다.)
Stub장비에서 배분된 애들은 어떻게 보이느냐?
R3#show ip route
5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O E2 5.5.0.0 [110/20] via 11.11.23.2, 00:51:56, Serial1/0.23
O E2 5.5.1.0 [110/20] via 11.11.23.2, 00:51:56, Serial1/0.23
O E2 5.5.2.0 [110/20] via 11.11.23.2, 00:51:56, Serial1/0.23
O E2 5.5.3.0 [110/20] via 11.11.23.2, 00:51:56, Serial1/0.23
9.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O E2 9.9.0.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.4, 00:02:39, Serial1/0.34
O E2 9.9.1.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.4, 00:02:39, Serial1/0.34
O E2 9.9.2.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.4, 00:02:40, Serial1/0.34
O E2 9.9.3.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.4, 00:02:40, Serial1/0.34
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 11.11.1.0/24 [110/129] via 11.11.23.2, 00:37:10, Serial1/0.23
O IA 11.11.2.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.23.2, 02:51:01, Serial1/0.23
C 11.11.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 11.11.4.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.34.4, 02:54:57, Serial1/0.34
O IA 11.11.12.0/24 [110/128] via 11.11.23.2, 02:07:00, Serial1/0.23
O 11.11.23.2/32 [110/64] via 11.11.23.2, 02:51:02, Serial1/0.23
C 11.11.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.23
C 11.11.34.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.34
R4#show ip route
5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O E2 5.5.0.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.3, 00:52:05, Serial1/0.34
O E2 5.5.1.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.3, 00:52:05, Serial1/0.34
O E2 5.5.2.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.3, 00:52:05, Serial1/0.34
O E2 5.5.3.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.3, 00:52:05, Serial1/0.34
9.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C 9.9.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback9
C 9.9.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback9
C 9.9.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback9
C 9.9.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback9
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 11.11.1.0/24 [110/193] via 11.11.34.3, 00:37:25, Serial1/0.34
O IA 11.11.2.0/24 [110/129] via 11.11.34.3, 02:51:15, Serial1/0.34
O 11.11.3.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.34.3, 02:55:12, Serial1/0.34
C 11.11.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O IA 11.11.12.0/24 [110/192] via 11.11.34.3, 02:07:14, Serial1/0.34
O IA 11.11.23.3/32 [110/64] via 11.11.34.3, 02:52:22, Serial1/0.34
O IA 11.11.23.2/32 [110/128] via 11.11.34.3, 02:51:16, Serial1/0.34
C 11.11.34.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.34
근데 R4를 stub장비라고 선언해보자
R3(config)#router ospf 11
R3(config-router)#area 34 stub
R3(config-router)#no area 34 stub ==> R4는 stub장비가 아니기때문에 이명령어로는 안먹힌다.
R3(config-router)#area 34 nssa default-information-originate ==> 이렇게 써야 먹힌다.
R4(config)#router ospf 11
R4(config-router)#area 34 stub
R4(config-router)#no area 34 stub
R4(config-router)#area 34 nssa ==>얜 여기까지 선언.
원래 stub은 축약이안되는데 nssa 로 선언해주면 축약이가능하다.
R3#clear ip route *
R3#sho ip route
5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O E2 5.5.0.0 [110/20] via 11.11.23.2, 00:00:02, Serial1/0.23
O E2 5.5.1.0 [110/20] via 11.11.23.2, 00:00:02, Serial1/0.23
O E2 5.5.2.0 [110/20] via 11.11.23.2, 00:00:02, Serial1/0.23
O E2 5.5.3.0 [110/20] via 11.11.23.2, 00:00:02, Serial1/0.23
9.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O N2 9.9.0.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.4, 00:00:02, Serial1/0.34
O N2 9.9.1.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.4, 00:00:02, Serial1/0.34
O N2 9.9.2.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.4, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.34
O N2 9.9.3.0 [110/20] via 11.11.34.4, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.34
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 11.11.1.0/24 [110/129] via 11.11.23.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.23
O IA 11.11.2.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.23.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.23
C 11.11.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 11.11.4.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.34.4, 00:00:05, Serial1/0.34
O IA 11.11.12.0/24 [110/128] via 11.11.23.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/0.23
O 11.11.23.2/32 [110/64] via 11.11.23.2, 00:00:05, Serial1/0.23
C 11.11.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.23
C 11.11.34.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.34
R4#show ip route
9.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C 9.9.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback9
C 9.9.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback9
C 9.9.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback9
C 9.9.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback9
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 11.11.1.0/24 [110/193] via 11.11.34.3, 00:03:35, Serial1/0.34
O IA 11.11.2.0/24 [110/129] via 11.11.34.3, 00:03:35, Serial1/0.34
O 11.11.3.0/24 [110/65] via 11.11.34.3, 00:03:37, Serial1/0.34
C 11.11.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
O IA 11.11.12.0/24 [110/192] via 11.11.34.3, 00:03:37, Serial1/0.34
O IA 11.11.23.3/32 [110/64] via 11.11.34.3, 00:03:37, Serial1/0.34
O IA 11.11.23.2/32 [110/128] via 11.11.34.3, 00:03:37, Serial1/0.34
C 11.11.34.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.34
O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 11.11.34.3, 00:02:36, Serial1/0.34 ==>축약된거 확인!
++)백본AREA( AREA 0)은 축약 할 수 없다. 절대 못함.
참고해보자
http://www.ktword.co.kr/test/view/view.php?m_temp1=1930
https://www.cisco.com/c/ko_kr/support/docs/ip/open-shortest-path-first-ospf/13685-13.html
https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=voice45&logNo=221165802352
https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=james_parku&logNo=110165808983
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